BOK on the integration of FI/CO with SD
The following document discusses
about the concept of integration between Financial and Sales & Distribution
module of SAP along with the basic settings required in the system.
The integration between FI/CO and
SD means that the all the transactions taking place in SD module need to
automatically post in the FI books. Suppose a simple sales transaction like an
invoice is being made, then the system needs to identify the revenue account it
should credit and the cash or customer account it should debit. [The
transactions in S&D module may vary from invoicing, debit memo, credit
memo, discounts and many others.]
The integration of accounting
with sales starts at the time of billing. The system would identify a GL
account on the basis of the combinations defined in SPRO as well as the Access
Sequence in which it is accessed. One such possible combination can be,
(i)
Billing Document Type - This is already identified in SD – (Billing
Type is attached with a Account determination procedure)
(ii)
Chart of Account
(iii)
Sales Organization - Assigned to a Company Code
(iv)
Customer Account Assignment Group - Identified from Customer Master
(v)
Material Account Assignment Group – Identified
from Material Master record
(vi)
Account Key - This reflects a type of
transaction in billing doc. For example a billing document may consist of
billing price i.e. revenue, discount, duties/taxes etc. An account key may
indicate revenue (i.e. ERL – Revenue or ERS - Discounts)
There maybe several combinations
as the one above and are maintained in the system. The Access Sequence that is
defined separately dictates the combination that should be used to identify the
GL account.
All the possible combinations are
maintained through transaction code VKOA.
Configuration setting in SAP for FI/ SD integration
Step 1:
Defining Pricing Procedure and Assigning of Pricing Conditions
SPRO > Sales &
Distribution > Basic Functions > Pricing > Define and assign Pricing
Procedures
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Screen : 1
The above screen displays the
pricing procedure. A pricing procedure is made of many pricing conditions. For
example pricing procedure ZREGEU (Regular Order (EAME)) would consist of Price,
discounts, shipping charges etc., which will constitute the Net price after
certain calculations on the conditions.
The screenshot below shows the
assignment of the Condition Types to a Pricing Procedure.
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Screen : 2
Pricing Condition ZALP has been
highlighted above.
Step 2:
Define and assign account keys
Each pricing condition is
attached to an Account key.
One needs to first create an
Account Key in the System.
SPRO > Sales &
Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment / Costing >
Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Keys
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Screen : 3
Once the Account Key has been
created, it is attached to a condition type.
Path to view the same is,
SPRO > Sales &
Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment / Costing >
Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Keys
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Screen : 4
So far, we have defined a
relationship in Pricing Procedure, Condition Types and Account key. The Account
Key is the main integration point between FI and SD. You have already seen one
part, as to how an Account Key relates to SD Pricing. The other part would
entail the association of Account Key in G/L account Determination
The steps below establish a
relationship between Billing Type, Account determination procedure, Account
Condition Types and Access Sequence.
Step 3:
Define and Assign Account Determination Procedure
SPRO > Sales &
Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment / Costing >
Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Determination
Procedure > Assign Account Determination Procedure
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Screen : 5
In above screen Billing Type F2
has been mapped to Account Determination Procedure Z00100.
An account determination
procedure is defined and mapped to the Account Condition Types. Path to define the Account determination
Procedure is as below:
SPRO > Sales &
Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment / Costing >
Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Determination
Procedure > Define Account Determination Procedure
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Screen : 6
In the above screen Account
Determination Procedure Z00100 can be viewed. This account determination
procedure is attached to the Account Condition Types. The same can be viewed by
selecting the Control Data in the above screen. Screen Shot of the same is as
shown below:
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Screen : 7
In above screen Account
determination Procedure Z00100 is attached to Account Condition type Z001 and
KOFK.
Step 4:
Define Access Sequence and Account Determination Types
The Account Condition types,
Access Sequence and their mutual relationship would be configured in this step.
Defining Account Determination Type attaching it with Access Sequence
SPRO > Sales & Distribution > Basic Functions
> Account Assignment / Costing > Revenue Account Determination >
Define Access Sequence And Account Determination Types > Define Account
Determination Types
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Screen : 8
In the above screen Account
Condition Type Z001 (Apple Account Det.) is attached to a Access Sequence Z001.
An Access sequence specifies the
sequence in which the system would look for tables maintaining General Ledger
Accounts at the time of billing in Sales & distribution.
Defining Access Sequence
SPRO > Sales & Distribution > Basic Functions
> Account Assignment / Costing > Revenue Account Determination >
Define Access Sequence And Account Determination Types > Maintain Access
Sequence for account determination
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Screen : 9
The above screen
displays the different Access Sequence that has been defined in the system.
Screen : 10
An access sequence step
is attached to a table (this table is maintained through VKOA). Access Sequence
defines the steps as per priority in which the VKOA tables are to be accessed
for G/L account determination.
The above screen shows
Access sequence steps maintained for Access Sequence Z001. First Column shows
the accesses sequence number and the second column shows the VKOA table number.
VKOA Table contains a
combination of different fields, which would help in Revenue Account
determination at the time of billing. For example, VKOA table 701 contains a
combination of Billing Type / Material Group / Account Key. This can be viewed
by selecting the table and pressing the tab fields.
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Screen : 11
The basic configuration
for FI/ SD integration has been shown to you. We have defined the following:
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VKOA table is the
integration point of all the above configurations. A VKOA table contains
combination of various parameters such as sales org, billing type, customer
group, material account assignment group, etc. For each individual combination
we define a G/L account number, which would be hit at the time of billing. Some VKOA tables are standard SAP tables but
business can define their own tables according to business requirements.
A typical VKOA table
looks like as shown below,
SPRO > Sales & Distribution > Basic Functions
> Account Assignment / Costing > Revenue Account Determination >
Assign GL Accounts
Transaction Code: VKOA
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Screen : 12
Step 5:
Illustration of FI & SD integration
In the following screens
we would show and discuss the billing documents, pricing procedures and account
determination procedures related to it and subsequent determination of revenue
account.
Pricing procedure in a billing document
Below screen shot
displays header data of a billing document.
Here pricing procedure ZREG56 attached to a billing doc is visible. To
view a billing document – Transaction Code -
VF03
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Screen : 13
Pricing Conditions in a billing document
Below screen shot
displays various pricing conditions such as ZPRI, ZDIS and PNTP attached to a
line item (material ) in a billing document.
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Screen : 14
Now in order to see the
GL account determined by the system, go to Transaction Code VF03 > Environment >
Acc. Determ. analysis >
Revenue Accounts
This shows the Account
determination procedure, condition types, combination of various parameters in
a VKOA table and the GL account determined.
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Screen : 15
The above Screen shows
that the in the last combination, system has identified the GL account to be
posted in this billing document.
Here we can refer Screen
5 which established a relationship between a Billing document type F2 with
Account Determination Procedure Z00100. Further refer Screen 7 which
established a relationship between Account Determination Procedure Z00100 and
condition type Z001. Screen displayed
the Access sequence Z001 which would be followed at the time of selection of
condition type Z001.
Screen 10 displays steps
and number of VKOA table which would be accessed in Access
Sequence Z001. In Screen 10, Step 35, table 701 (Combination
Bill Type, Material Group, Account Key) is highlighted.
Screen 15, displays that
the system has identified the GL account only in step 35 and from table
701.
Screen 12 displays VKOA
Table No. 701 in which highlighted combination of condition type Z001, Chart of
Account WWCA, Billing Type F2, Account
Assignment Group 01, Account Key ERL is attached to GL account code 30000000.
In this way the system
identifies the revenue account to be posted at the time of billing. The Account
entry passed by the system in the above billing document appears as below:
Screen : 16
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